May 26, · FCI Placement Paper FCI Assistant Gr. II Placement Paper. General Knowledge. 1. The Planning Commission of India was established in the year (1) (2) (3) (4) 2. Green Revolution was started in (1) (2) (3) (4) 3. The term of the Finance Commission is (1)Ten years (2) Five years (3) Six years (4) Three Nov 16, · ClearIAS provides online IAS coaching, guidance, strategies, books, online study-materials and mock tests with a vision that no candidate should be left out of UPSC exam competition due to in-accessibility of expensive IAS classroom coaching.. We write simple, easy to understand articles, but always ensure high standards of quality. Rated among the best, emerging online test Buy term paper on the marathas? Resume for sr financial analyst. Sat writing essay grading. Marketing resume objective fresher helicopter pilot resume template prospectus for research paper example, guide papers practical research: creative communications essay
Medieval India: Mughal Dynasty (NCERT) - Clear IAS
The history of agriculture in India dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization. Inagriculture and allied sectors like animal husbandryforestry and fisheries accounted for Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.
The Indian government National Policy for Farmers. Accessed on 22 March Indian farmers are people who grow crops. Various government estimates CensusAgricultural Census, National Sample Survey assessments, and Periodic Labour Force Surveys give a different number of farmers in the country ranging from 37 million to million as per the different definitions.
India's National Policy for Farmers defines farmer as: [13]. However this definition has not been adopted. As per the FAO world agriculture statistics India is the world's largest producer of many fresh fruits like banana, mango, guava, buy term paper on the marathas, papaya, lemon and vegetables like chickpea, okra and milkmajor spices like chili pepper, ginger, fibrous crops such as jutestaples such as millets and castor oil seed.
India is the second largest producer of wheat and ricethe world's major food staples. India is currently the world's second largest producer of several dry fruitsagriculture-based textile raw materials, roots and tuber crops, pulsesfarmed fisheggscoconutsugarcane and numerous vegetables.
One report from claimed that India's population is growing faster than its ability to produce rice and wheat. In fiscal year ending Junebuy term paper on the marathas, with a normal monsoon season, Indian agriculture accomplished an all-time record production of Rice output in India hit a new record at Indian farmers, thus produced about 71 kilograms of wheat and 80 kilograms of rice for every member of Indian population in The per capita supply of rice every year in India is now higher than the per capita consumption of rice every year in Japan.
India exported around 2 million metric tonnes of wheat and 2. Aquaculture and catch fishery is amongst the fastest growing industries in India. Between andthe Indian fish capture harvest doubled, while aquaculture harvest tripled. InIndia was the world's sixth largest producer of marine and freshwater capture fisheries and the second largest aquaculture farmed fish producer. India exportedmetric tonnes of fish products to nearly half of the world's countries. at affordable prices [24].
India has shown a steady average nationwide annual increase in the mass produced per hectare for some agricultural items, over the last 60 years.
These gains have come mainly from India's green revolutionimproving road and power generation infrastructure, knowledge of gains and reforms. Vedic literature provides some of the earliest written record of agriculture in India. Rigveda hymns, for example, describes ploughing, fallowing, irrigation, fruit and vegetable cultivation. Other historical evidence suggests rice and cotton were cultivated in the Indus Valleyand ploughing patterns from the Bronze Age have been excavated at Kalibangan in Rajasthan.
Some archaeologists believe that rice was a buy term paper on the marathas crop along the banks of the river Ganges in the sixth millennium BC. Indians might have domesticated buffalo the river type years ago. According to some scientists agriculture was widespread in the Indian peninsula, — years ago, well beyond the fertile plains of the north. Some claim Indian agriculture began by BC as a result of early cultivation of plants, buy term paper on the marathas, and domestication of crops and animals.
These were locally called साखर, Sākhara. On their return journey, buy term paper on the marathas Macedonian soldiers carried the "honey bearing reeds," thus spreading sugar and sugarcane agriculture.
In the local language, these crystals were called khanda खण्डwhich is the source of the word candy. Before the 18th century, cultivation of sugarcane was largely confined to Buy term paper on the marathas. A few merchants began to trade in sugar — a luxury and an expensive spice in Europe until the 18th century. Sugar became widely popular in 18th-century Europe, then graduated to become a human necessity in the 19th century all over the world. Sugarcane plantations, just like cotton farms, became a major driver of large and forced human migrations in the 19th century and early 20th century — of people from Africa and from India, both in millions — influencing the ethnic mix, political conflicts and cultural evolution of Caribbean, South American, Indian Ocean and Pacific Island nations.
The history and past accomplishments of Indian agriculture thus influenced, in part, colonialism, slavery and slavery-like indentured labour practices in the new world, Caribbean wars and world history in 18th and 19th centuries. Despite some stagnation during the later modern era the independent Republic of India was able to develop a comprehensive agricultural programme. In the years since its independence, India has made immense progress towards food security. Indian population has tripled, and food-grain production more than quadrupled.
There has been a substantial increase in available food-grain per capita. Before the mids, India relied on imports and food aid to meet domestic requirements. However, two years of severe drought in and convinced India to reform its agricultural policy and that it could not rely on foreign aid and imports for food security. India adopted significant policy reforms focused on the goal of food grain self-sufficiency. This ushered in India's Green Revolution. It began with the decision to adopt superior yielding, disease resistant wheat varieties in combination with better farming knowledge to improve productivity.
The state of Punjab led India's green revolution and earned the distinction of being the country's breadbasket. The initial increase in production was centred on the irrigated areas of the states of PunjabHaryana and western Uttar Pradesh. With the farmers and the government officials focusing on farm productivity and knowledge transfer, India's total buy term paper on the marathas grain production soared. A hectare of Indian wheat farm that produced an average of 0. Such rapid growth in farm productivity enabled India to become self-sufficient by the s.
It also empowered the smallholder farmers to seek further means to increase food staples produced per hectare. ByIndian farms were adopting wheat varieties capable of yielding 6 tonnes of wheat per hectare.
With agricultural policy success in wheat, buy term paper on the marathas, India's Green Revolution technology spread to rice. However, since irrigation infrastructure was very poor, Indian farmers innovated with tube-wells, to harvest ground water. When gains from the new technology reached their limits in the states of initial adoption, the technology spread in the s and s to the states of eastern India — BiharOdisha and West Bengal.
The lasting benefits of the improved seeds and new technology extended principally to the irrigated areas which account for about one-third of the harvested crop area. In the s, Indian agriculture policy shifted buy term paper on the marathas "evolution of a production pattern in line with the demand pattern" leading to a shift in emphasis to other agricultural commodities like oilseed, fruit and vegetables.
Farmers began adopting improved methods and technologies in dairying, fisheries and livestock, and meeting the diversified food needs of a growing population. As with rice, the lasting benefits of improved seeds and improved farming technologies now largely depends on whether India develops infrastructure such as irrigation network, flood control systems, reliable electricity production capacity, all-season rural and urban highways, cold storage to prevent spoilage, modern retail, and competitive buyers of produce from Indian farmers.
This is increasingly the focus of Indian agriculture policy. India ranks 74 out of major countries in terms of food security index. This isn't because of reduced importance of agriculture or a consequence of agricultural policy; rather, buy term paper on the marathas, it is largely due to the rapid economic growth in services, industrial output, and non-agricultural sectors in India between and Agricultural scientist MS Swaminathan has played a vital role in the green revolution.
InNDTV named him one of 25 living legends of India for outstanding contributions to agriculture and making India a food-sovereign country. Two states, Sikkim [54] [55] [56] [57] and Kerala [58] [59] have planned to shift fully to organic farming by and respectively. Electricity rates for agricultural purposes have been discussed extensively over the years.
Indian irrigation infrastructure includes a network of major and minor canals from rivers, groundwater well-based systems, tanks, and other rainwater harvesting projects for agricultural activities. Of these, the groundwater system is the largest. Dams used for irrigation projects have helped provide drinking water to a growing rural population, control flood and prevent drought-related damage to agriculture.
India's arable land area of Its gross irrigated crop area of India is among the top three global producers of many crops, including wheat, buy term paper on the marathas, rice, pulses, cotton, peanuts, fruits and vegetables.
Worldwide, as of [update]India had the largest herds of buffalo and cattle, is the largest producer of milk and has one of the largest and fastest growing poultry industries. The following table presents the 20 most important agricultural products in India, by economic value, in Included in the table is the average productivity of India's farms for each produce. For context and comparison, included is the average of the most productive farms in the world and name of country where the most productive farms buy term paper on the marathas in The table suggests India has large potential for further accomplishments from productivity increases, in increased agricultural output and agricultural incomes.
Inas per Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database FAOSTAT data, India produces various agriculture products in following values: [74]. In addition to growth in total output, agriculture in India has shown an increase in average agricultural output per hectare in last 60 years. The table below presents average farm productivity in India over three farming years for some crops. Additionally, buy term paper on the marathas, despite these gains in farm productivity, losses after harvest due to poor infrastructure and unorganised retail cause India to experience some of the highest food losses in the world.
The Statistics Office of the Food and Agriculture Organization reported that, per final numbers forIndia had grown to become the world's largest producer of the following agricultural products: [78] [79].
Per final numbers forIndia is the world's second largest producer of the following agricultural products: [78]. InIndia was the world's third largest producer of eggs, buy term paper on the marathas, oranges, coconuts, tomatoes, peas and beans.
India and China are competing to establish the world record on rice yields. Yuan Longping of China National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Centre set a world record for rice yield in at 19 tonnes per hectare in a demonstration plot. Inthis record was surpassed by an Indian farmer, Sumant Kumar, with These farmers claim to have employed newly developed rice breeds and system of rice intensification SRIa recent innovation in farming.
The claimed Chinese and Indian yields have yet to be demonstrated on 7 hectare farm lots and that these are reproducible over two consecutive years on the same farm. The total production and economic value of horticultural produce, such as fruits, vegetables and nuts has doubled in India over the year period from to Inthe production from horticulture exceeded grain output for the first time.
The total horticulture produce reached Organic agriculture has fed India for centuries and it is again a growing sector in India. Organic production offers clean and green production methods without the use of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides and it achieves a premium price in the market place. India has 6,50, organic producers, which is more that any other country.
VII-STD-TERM II- History- Unit-3. Rise of Marathas and Peshwas.
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